Most often, testing for type 1 diabetes occurs in people with diabetes symptoms. Doctors usually diagnose type 1 diabetes in children and young adults. Experts recommend routine testing for type 2 diabetes if you. Medicare covers the cost of diabetes tests for people with certain risk factors for diabetes. If you have Medicare, find out if you qualify for coverage. If you have different insurance, ask your insurance company if it covers diabetes tests.
Though type 2 diabetes most often develops in adults, children also can develop type 2 diabetes. Experts recommend testing children between the ages of 10 and 18 who are overweight or obese and have at least two other risk factors for developing diabetes. All pregnant women who do not have a prior diabetes diagnosis should be tested for gestational diabetes. If you are pregnant, you will take a glucose challenge test between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Health care professionals most often use the fasting plasma glucose FPG test or the A1C test to diagnose diabetes.
In some cases, they may use a random plasma glucose RPG test. The FPG blood test measures your blood glucose level at a single point in time. For the most reliable results, it is best to have this test in the morning, after you fast for at least 8 hours. Fasting means having nothing to eat or drink except sips of water. The A1C test is a blood test that provides your average levels of blood glucose over the past 3 months. You can eat and drink before this test.
When it comes to using the A1C to diagnose diabetes, your doctor will consider factors such as your age and whether you have anemia or another problem with your blood. Your health care professional may need to order a different type of A1C test. Your health care professional will report your A1C test result as a percentage, such as an A1C of 7 percent. The higher the percentage, the higher your average blood glucose levels.
People with diabetes also use information from the A1C test to help manage their diabetes. Sometimes health care professionals use the RPG test to diagnose diabetes when diabetes symptoms are present and they do not want to wait until you have fasted. You do not need to fast overnight for the RPG test. You may have this blood test at any time. Get monthly science-based diabetes and heart-healthy tips in your inbox. Know Diabetes by Heart raises awareness that living with Type 2 diabetes increases risk for heart disease and stroke — and that people should talk with their doctor at their next appointment about ways to reduce risk.
Symptoms Prediabetes has no clear symptoms. Who should be tested for prediabetes and diabetes? Tests for Diagnosing Prediabetes and Diabetes Three tests can help health care professionals make a diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes: HbA1C A1C or glycosylated hemoglobin test The A1C test can diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.
Fasting Plasma Glucose Test A fasting plasma glucose test requires fasting nothing to eat or drink except water for eight hours before the test. This condition increases risk for developing Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke. It greatly increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test This test measures how well the body handles a standard amount of glucose.
Home monitoring Easy-to-use home monitors allow people to test their blood sugar on their own. Tests to Measure Heart Health People with diabetes are at increased risk for a range of health complications, including cardiovascular disease. Last Reviewed: May 5, Watch, Learn and Live See your cardiovascular system in action with our interactive illustrations and animations.
Explore the Library. Sign up here for the monthly tips. Blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Type 1 is thought to be the result of an autoimmune response, where your body attacks the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Sometimes infection with a virus seems to trigger the autoimmune response.
Your health care team will help you understand what your target range is and how to stay within it. Type 1 diabetes requires your attention every day.
To learn what you need to know, ask your doctor to refer you to diabetes self-management education and support DSMES services. All these things can affect your blood sugar levels.
Over time, having high blood sugar can cause serious health problems , such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney failure. But you can lower your risk for those health complications and others. Be an experimenter. See what works best for you by trying different things. Prepare a healthier version of a favorite dish or take a walk after you eat, and keep track of your blood sugar results.
Your diabetes educator can suggest ideas for you to try that have worked for other people with type 1. Time in range is how long your blood sugar stays in your target range throughout the day. Blood sugar levels change often during the day. If your blood sugar spikes very high and your insulin is low, you can develop diabetic ketoacidosis DKA , a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening. Your health care team will let you know how to identify and treat high and low blood sugar and related health problems.
Be sure to get in touch with your doctor or diabetes educator if you have any questions. Keeping your blood sugar levels on target can help you avoid serious health problems like heart disease and nerve damage down the road. But did you know avoiding ups and downs in blood sugar can help you feel better right away?
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