For one thing, we're both mammals and give birth to living young. We're both warm blooded, and rats eat everything we do More importantly, rats and humans often suffer from the same diseases. That's because humans and rats have the same basic physiology, similar organs, and similar body plans.
We both control our body chemistry using similar hormones, we both have nervous systems that work in the same way, and we both react similarly to infection and injury. There's absolutely no doubt that research on rats and other species has done a lot to advance modern medicine. Despite the medical advancements made from rat testing, the ethics of animal testing can be pretty murky.
The expansion of the neocortical NEP relative to that of the midbrain and hindbrain is not pronounced. Recent studies suggest that the expansion of the neocortical NEP, the decline of the neocortical NEP, the migration of neurons into the cortical plate, and their phases of differentiation is regulated by a cascade of gene expression and transcription factors Pax6, Emx1, Emx2, Otx2, Ngn1, Ngn2 , and others.
The basal ganglia, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum are similar in both embryos. However, the thalamus, and particularly the neuroepithelium of the cerebral cortex is much larger in the human than in the rat embryo. By contrast in rats, the much smaller cortical neuroepithelium covers a more flat lateral ventricle with no blooming choroid plexus , which leads to the production of many fewer neurons in the cerebral cortex of the mature rat brain.
Human-Rat Comparisons Human-Rat Comparisons Our developmental studies of the human central nervous system have been going on for over 20 years. File Download:. Bayer et al Neurotox 14 The oesophagus, stomach, small intestine with three parts, large intestine, and anus are the main parts of the digestive system, performing essential functions in food digestion, absorption, and elimination.
Moreover, the accessory glands play an invaluable role in the food digestion as humans consume a variety of foods containing various nutrients. As humans are omnivorous, there are a lot of proteins and fats being ingested, and these will have to be digested properly.
The presence of gall bladder facilitates the digestion of animal fats from the food. In addition, humans do not feed on many seeds, unless it is tasty or prepared by softening the hard cellulose parts. Thus, there is no adaptation in the human digestive tract to breakdown cellulose.
The key difference between rat and human digestive system is that rat digestive system does not have a gallbladder while human digestive system has a gallbladder. Another difference between rat and human digestive system is the fermentation chamber to digest seeds containing cellulose. Rats have a fermentation chamber to digest cellulose while humans do not have a fermentation chamber. Moreover, the human digestive system is physically large compared to the systems in rats.
Rats have a specialized digestive system, whereas humans have a simple system. This is another important difference between rat and human digestive system. Rat digestive system does not have a gallbladder while human digestive system has.
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