Problems with the central nervous system can trigger a sleep disorder. Central sleep apnea occurs when breathing temporarily stops for 10 seconds or more many times during a night's sleep. This is caused by an abnormality in the brain, which prevents it from regulating oxygen levels and automatically triggering breathing.
This diminished oxygen is a condition called hypoxia. It can worsen conditions such as epilepsy, or lead to problems such as chest pain or heart attack in people who have coronary artery disease. Central sleep apnea may also be caused by problems in carbon dioxide regulation. Periodic limb movements in sleep occur when the arms and legs move frequently and involuntarily during sleep.
PLMS can cause the arms and legs to twitch, jerk, or flex. This can occur as often as several times per minute for up to several hours. The cause of PLMS is unknown, but experts think it is likely related to the nervous system. When insomnia is the result of an outside cause, it's called secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia is not caused by outside events. Its cause is not known. A healthcare provider may use an actigraphy to help diagnose insomnia.
An actigraphy is a test that monitors your rest and activity cycles over a a few days or weeks. Psycho-physiological insomnia occurs when someone becomes anxious about sleeping and concentrates too intently on trying to sleep.
In other words, the stress about sleeping itself causes insomnia. Paradoxical insomnia, formerly known as sleep-state misperception, is a sleep disorder marked by a significant difference between the time a person thinks he or she has been asleep and how much time he or she has actually slept. They are actually sleeping when they think they aren't and have no evidence of a sleep disorder.
All rights reserved. Skip to topic navigation. Skip to main content. Adult Health Library. Search Our Health Library. Click a letter to see a list of conditions beginning with that letter.
It can also be caused by changes in your body due to altitude or a food that you ate that interrupts your ability to fall asleep. If you find that you have altitude or food-related insomnia you may be able to avoid your triggers to stop the insomnia from occurring. Sleep hygiene is the practice of establishing a regular sleep routine including proper nutrition and exercise.
Nocturnal eating syndrome is characterized by the consumption of more than a quarter of your daily nutrition after dinner. This means that you have an increased appetite in the hours before you go to bed which results in an inability to sleep due to increased caloric and sugar intake. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders occur when a lifestyle or environmental change affects your natural circadian rhythm. A mild example of this is when it starts to get darker earlier in the winter.
Even though your typical bedtime maybe 8 or 9 p. Dyssomnia is a category of sleeping disorders that affect how you fall asleep and whether you stay asleep. Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis. Learn about sleep disorder symptoms, types, and treatment. The symptoms may make falling asleep difficult and can wake you out of your sleep.
As a result, you feel unrested in the morning. Numerous drugs can reduce the pain from the syndrome and reduce or eliminate symptoms. Similar to restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder interrupts your sleep with unwanted, frequent movements.
Periodic limb movement disorder can cause repetitive kicking or twitching of the legs and arms during sleep. These movements can happen as frequently as every 20 to 40 seconds. Due to poor sleep, you may experience excessive daytime sleepiness. The drugs prescribed to treat periodic limb movement disorder are usually the same as those used to treat restless legs syndrome. People with hypersomnia experience frequent excessive daytime sleepiness and may fall asleep at inappropriate times during the day.
They often struggle to wake up even after a long period of sleep. Naps do not always relieve the symptoms. Hypersomnia may have an underlying cause, such as narcolepsy, medication, or a medical disorder. Drug therapy may reduce the symptoms of excessive sleepiness. Extrinsic sleep disorders are dyssomnias caused by factors outside of the body, such as environment and health habits.
Sleep hygiene is overall care for your sleep habits. Proper sleep hygiene includes :. Poor sleep hygiene can negatively impact both the quantity and quality of sleep you get at night. Without sufficient sleep, you may feel sleepy during the day and struggle to concentrate.
A lack of sleep can also impact your ability to drive. Additional symptoms include insomnia, the need to eat in order to fall asleep, and depressed mood at night. The syndrome appears to be related to a misalignment between the circadian rhythm and rhythm of food intake.
Cognitive behavioral therapy can assist people in managing nocturnal eating syndrome. Consult with your doctor to determine the best course of treatment. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are the result of irregularities in the circadian rhythm or misalignment of the circadian rhythm with the environment, such as the light-darkness cycle.
They may cause insomnia or excessive sleepiness, as well as irritability and depression. Shift work disorder causes you to be misaligned with traditional waking and sleeping hours, which can make falling asleep or staying asleep difficult.
The severity of these symptoms depends on the frequency of the shift work, length of the shifts, and frequency of changed shifts.
Treatment of symptoms includes exposure to bright light when you should be awake and ensuring your bedroom is dark and quiet. You can also wear sunglasses on your way home in the daytime to prevent light exposure before you go to sleep.
In more severe cases, sleep aids and wake-promoting drugs can help you manage a consistent sleep-wake schedule. When you travel quickly across more than two time zones, changes in your sleep-wake schedule can cause jet lag disorder. Upon arrival, expose yourself to daylight in the morning hours and darkness in the evening hours to help your body adjust.
Delayed sleep phase syndrome is common among adolescents. With this disorder, you tend to fall asleep later and wake later than normal. If you must wake up earlier than desired to attend class or work, you likely feel groggy or sleepy during the day.
Importantly, people who experience delayed sleep-phase syndrome cannot fall asleep earlier, even when they want to. Treatment options include light therapy and melatonin supplements before bedtime. The opposite of delayed sleep phase syndrome, called advanced sleep phase syndrome, causes you to fall asleep early and wake up early. This disorder is more common among older adults.
Sleep masks and light-blocking goggles can help delay early wake times caused by sunlight. Each day, sleep and wake times may be delayed between one and two hours.
Although dyssomnias and parasomnias are both groups of sleep disorders, there are key differences between the two. Dyssomnias cause either excessive sleepiness or difficulty falling and staying asleep.
0コメント